Earnings Inequality, Unemployment, and Poverty in the Middle East and North AfricaWassim N. Shahin, Ghassan Dibeh Bloomsbury Academic, 30/04/2000 - 233 من الصفحات The past ten years for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries have registered an extreme deterioration in at least one measure of social and economic welfare: earnings inequality, unemployment, and poverty. The combination of slow economic growth, population explosion, and decline in labor productivity led to the reversal of the economic gains achieved during the economic boom in the 1970s. In contrast to that period, growth per capita (GDP) in 1980-1991 for Arab countries was -0.2%. Several indicators point to the extent of the problems faced today by the region's countries. Although the percentage of poverty declined for the majority of the regions in the world in 1985-1990, it has increased in the MENA region. |
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... variance . If 8 ‡ μ , and 8 = is the geometric mean , then H equals the variance of the logs . The Gini Coefficient 0 , where e G = [ 2n2 μ ] Yi ( 8 ) In reference to " income homogeneity , " the above measures are unaf- fected by equal ...
... variance in earnings attributable to human capital , we have to identify the crossover year . This is because the variance in the crossover year is minimal . Taking advantage of the large data set we can have reliable regression ...
... variance of the logarithm of individual earnings , the latter being the conventional dependent variable in earnings functions ( Mincer 1974 ; Dougherty and Ji- menez 1991 ) . Statistically , the variance of the logarithm of earnings can ...
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