Earnings Inequality, Unemployment, and Poverty in the Middle East and North AfricaWassim N. Shahin, Ghassan Dibeh Bloomsbury Academic, 30/04/2000 - 233 من الصفحات The past ten years for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries have registered an extreme deterioration in at least one measure of social and economic welfare: earnings inequality, unemployment, and poverty. The combination of slow economic growth, population explosion, and decline in labor productivity led to the reversal of the economic gains achieved during the economic boom in the 1970s. In contrast to that period, growth per capita (GDP) in 1980-1991 for Arab countries was -0.2%. Several indicators point to the extent of the problems faced today by the region's countries. Although the percentage of poverty declined for the majority of the regions in the world in 1985-1990, it has increased in the MENA region. |
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... ratio is smaller than 1 for all the coun- tries in our sample that spend more than a quarter of their budget on defense . For Syria and Oman , this ratio is less than 0.5 , meaning that half as much is allocated to health and education ...
... ratio , calculated as HER = E / Y S / E P / S computes the percentage of national income ( Y ) that is devoted to human priorities ( P ) . The human expenditure ratio can be made larger by ( i ) in- creasing the share of national income ...
... ratio and social expenditure . In contrast , both Jordan and Morocco have larger social expenditure and priority ratios , which offset the lower expenditure ratio , resulting in larger HERS . Good policy would seem to suggest that ...
المحتوى
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حقوق النشر | |
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