Earnings Inequality, Unemployment, and Poverty in the Middle East and North AfricaWassim N. Shahin, Ghassan Dibeh Bloomsbury Academic, 30/04/2000 - 233 من الصفحات The past ten years for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region countries have registered an extreme deterioration in at least one measure of social and economic welfare: earnings inequality, unemployment, and poverty. The combination of slow economic growth, population explosion, and decline in labor productivity led to the reversal of the economic gains achieved during the economic boom in the 1970s. In contrast to that period, growth per capita (GDP) in 1980-1991 for Arab countries was -0.2%. Several indicators point to the extent of the problems faced today by the region's countries. Although the percentage of poverty declined for the majority of the regions in the world in 1985-1990, it has increased in the MENA region. |
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... exports . Imperfect substitutability is assumed for commodities from different sources ( different domestic ... exports . In the next stage , the latter are further transformed into exports to the EU and the rest of the world . On the ...
... exports and domestic sales and of aggregate exports to exports disaggregated by region : between 2 and 5 for all commodities ; ( 5 ) elasticities for constant - elasticity export demand functions for agricultural exports to the EU and ...
... exports such as manufactured goods and chemicals , and reduced concentration on exports of raw materials and fertilizer . Debt decreased from 193 percent of GDP in 1990 to 110 percent in 1994 , and debt service was reduced from 45 ...
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