Formation of Coal BedsPress of the New Era Printing Company, 1913 - 530 من الصفحات |
طبعات أخرى - عرض جميع المقتطفات
Formation of Coal Beds (Classic Reprint) <span dir=ltr>John James Stevenson</span> لا تتوفر معاينة - 2017 |
عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
abundant accumulation acid algæ Amer anthracite Appalachian basin Barrois benches border bottom brachiopods brown coal buried calcareous cannel carbon Carboniferous cent clay coal beds Coal Measures coarse Commentry Conemaugh conglomerate contains covered débris Decazeville delta described dopplerite eastern erosion evidence extent Fayol feet thick finds flood forest formed fossils fragments Geol Geology horizon I. C. White inches irregular J. J. Stevenson lake laminated land layers less limestone localities lower marine mass material meters mineral Mississippi northern observed occur Ohio origin outcrop peat bogs peat deposits pebbles pelecypods Pennsylvania Pittsburgh plain plants portion remains river rock roof roots sand sandstone Sapropel sediment shale shore Sigillaria slope soil southern Sphagnum square miles stems Stigmaria streams stumps surface Surv swamps thin tion transported trees trunks underclay underlying upper valley Vanport vegetable matter West Virginia western wholly wood
مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 38 - ... percolated them. (5) The coal and the fossil forests present many evidences of subaerial conditions. Most of the erect and prostrate trees had become hollow shells of bark before they were finally embedded, and their wood had broken into cubical pieces of mineral charcoal.
الصفحة 315 - When it reached Le Chable, one of the principal villages of the valley, the flood, which seemed to contain more debris than water, was pent up between the piers of a solid bridge nearly fifty feet above the...
الصفحة 17 - ... some adjacent Lake, or Estuary, or Sea. Here they floated on the waters, until they sank saturated to the bottom, and being buried in the detritus of adjacent lands, became transferred to a new estate among the members of the mineral kingdom. A long interment followed, during which a course of Chemical changes, and new combinations of their vegetable elements, have converted them to the mineral condition of Coal. By the elevating force of subterranean Fires...
الصفحة 150 - A shoal of many miles in extent is formed on the south side of Athabasca lake by the drift timber and vegetable debris brought down by the Elk river; and the Slave lake itself must be filled in process of time by the matters daily conveyed into it from Slave river. Vast quantities of drift timber were buried under the sand at the mouth of the river and enormous piles of it are accumulated on the shore of every part of the lake.
الصفحة 150 - The trunks of the trees gradually decay until they are converted into a blackish brown substance resembling peat, but which still retains more or less of the fibrous structure of the wood ; and layers of this often alternate with layers of clay and sand, the whole being penetrated, to the * Account of the Arctic Regions, vol.
الصفحة 163 - An Outline of the Mineralogy of the Shetland Islands, and of the Island of Arran,
الصفحة 162 - To penetrate far inland, however, was not so easy, owing to the denseness of the vegetation. Large trees had fallen, and, rotting where they lay, under the influence of the humid atmosphere, had become the birthplace of thousands of other trees, shrubs, plants, ferns, mosses, and lichens. In fact, in some places we might almost be said to be walking on the tops of the trees, and first one and then another of the party found his feet suddenly slipping through into unknown depths below.
الصفحة 230 - Araucarian family, but with some curious points of affinity with the yew. The volcanic sandstone in which the trees were embedded, and from the lower part of which they must have sprung, had accumulated in successive thin layers around their trunks ; and the stone yet retained the impression of the bark.
الصفحة 231 - ... plants, like the inhabitants of the city in Arabian story, being converted into stone, yet still remaining in the places which they occupied when alive ! Some of the trunks were surrounded by a conical mound of calcareous earth, which had evidently, when in the state of mud, accumulated round the stems and roots.
الصفحة 425 - Proc. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. I., 1834, p. 467. PROC AMER. PHIL. SOC., LII. 2o8 F, PRINTED MAY 13, Fragments of rock are the foreign bodies which are the most perplexing. The earliest recorded observation seems to be that by Phillips in 1865, followed by that of Noeggerath in 1862, both of which have been cited by Stur.