...and other artisans, by mechanics and other engineers, and by printing presses and other machines."9 In contrast to the representation of the ideal, abstract...depends on the forms in which it reaches its reader. Thus a sorting out of two types of apparatus becomes necessary, between those entailed by the putting...

...history of writing, with the contributions of several disciplines." Similarly, Roger Chattier writes that "no text exists outside of the support that enables...kind it is, depends on the forms in which it reaches the reader." DF McKenzie states that it is impossible "to divorce the substance of the text on the...

...German Studies: Tentative Conclusions," The German Quarterly 61.2 (1989): 227-34; here 233. sential to remember that no text exists outside of the support...read; any comprehension of a writing, no matter what it is, depends upon the forms in which it reaches its reader. Implicated in this understanding of literature...

...that one holds in one's hands. Writers and their intentions form only one part of this social process. No text exists outside of the support that enables it to be read; any comprehension of a writing depends on the forms in which it reaches its readers. 10 Implicated in this understanding of literature...

...a text's appearance. The case for such close attention has been neatly summed up by Roger Chartier: '[i]n contrast to the representation of the ideal,...exists outside of the support that enables it to be read.'6 As modern readers, we always read a specific material object, hence the importance of attending...

...to ground the idea of the text with as much material realism as possible. To quote Roger Chartier: 'In contrast to the representation of the ideal abstract...exists outside of the support that enables it to be read.'19 By paying careful attention to the material aspects of a scribe's work (scribe H) in situ,...