Mutual Accommodation: Ethnic Conflict and Cooperation

acceptance active affirmative action American areas attitudes authorities bargaining behavior beliefs busing cities civil rights complex conflict consensus constraint cooperation decisions desegregation discrimination economic effects ethnic groupings ethnic relations example factors favorable goals hostility housing important income increased individuals inducement influence ingroup integration interaction interests intergroup relations interpersonal attraction interracial issues major mass media minority mobilization movement mutual negative negotiations nonviolent nonwhites norms occur opponent opposition organization outcomes outgroup participation partisans percent persons persuasion policies political population positive possible prejudice procedures processes programs Proposition protest R. M. Williams racial racial integration racial segregation reactance reduce regarded relationships relatively residential resistance resolution responses result segregation settlement situation social social movements society specific stereotypes strategies structure struggle studies successful tactics third parties threat tion United Univ urban values violence voluntary associations white flight World War II York