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466078
TO THE UNIVERSITY
OF WISCONSIN
CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER VII. BYZANTIUM AND THE CRUSADES (1081-
1204)
I. The External History of the Time of the Comneni
The Emperors of the House of the Comneni . .
Alexius I. The Norman War in connection with
the relations of Alexius Comnenus to the West
Struggle of the Empire against the Turks and
Patzinaks before the First Crusade in connection
with the international relations of the epoch in
the Balkan peninsula.
The First Crusade and Byzantium
External Relations of the Empire before the Sec-
ond Crusade. Alliance of the Two Empires
The Second Crusade and Byzantium
External Policy of Manuel after the Second Cru-
sade.
The Last Two Comneni. Alexius II and Androni-
cus I
II. The External History of the Time of the Angeli
Characteristics of the Emperors of the House of
the Angeli
Relations with the Normans and Turks. Forma-
tion of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom
The Third Crusade and Byzantium. Henry VI
and his Eastern Plans
The Fourth Crusade and Byzantium
5
III. Internal Affairs in the Epoch of the Comneni and
Angeli
Ecclesiastical Relations
Internal Administration of the Empire. Finances.
Army and Navy. Provinces. Commerce
Education, Learning, Literature and Art in the
Epoch of the Comneni and Angeli
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR THE SEVENTH CHAPTER
PAGE
135
147
159
182
186
187
CHAPTER VIII. THE EMPIRE OF NICAEA (1204–1261)
States formed in the thirteenth century on the
territory of the Byzantine Empire
Beginnings of the Empire of Nicaea. The Las-
carids. The role of Bulgaria .
External Policy of Theodore I. The Seljuq Turks.
The Latin Empire
John III Ducas Vatatzes (1222-1254). History
of the Despotat of Epirus before the founda-
tion of the Empire of Thessalonica (Salonica)
and its relation to the Empire of Nicaea. The
Three Empires in the East
Thessalonica and Nicaea. The role of Bulgaria in
the Christian East under the Tsar John Asen II.
The Greco-Bulgarian Alliance between John III
Ducas Vatatzes and John Asen II
Alliance of John Vatatzes with Frederick II
Hohenstaufen. The Mongol Invasion and the
Alliance of the Rulers of Asia Minor against
the Mongols. Conquests of John Vatatzes in
the West. Significance of the External Policy
of John Vatatzes
197
201
208
213
237
epoch of the Empire of Nicaea