Akritai, I, 446. II, 292-293, 393.

Akrites, Basil Digenes, Byzantine epic hero, I, 446-448. II, 426.
Alans, I, 109, 386.

Alaric Balta, Gothic chief, I, 114-115; at Rome, 122, 125, 129, 155.

Alaric II, Visigoth king, I, 128.

Albania, under Simeon of Bulgaria, I, 386. II, 211, 259; subdued by Charles of Anjou,
283, 301, 304; history of Albania, 304-305, 309.

Albanians, in Greece, I, 31; Justinian I, 162, 163; in Greece, 213–215. II, their history.
304-305; in Greece, 306-307, 336, 337; large landowners, 394, 446.

Albanopolis, II, 304.

Albigensians, in France, II, 22.

Alboin, king of the Lombards, I, 208.

Aleksei Mikhailovich, Russian Tsar, I, 415.

Alemanni, I, 91, 155.

Alemannus, Nicolaus, Italian scholar, I, 13, 162.

Aleppo, I, 158; the Hamdanids of Aleppo, 373; taken by Nicephorus Phocas, 374, 376;
under Basil II, 379, 380. II, 33.

Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, I, 69-70.

Alexander, Emperor, son of Basil I, I, 368.

Alexander, of Macedon, the Great, I, 76, 111, 147, 240. II, John II, 67, 346.
Alexander III, Pope, and Manuel I, II, 144.

Alexander IV, Pope, II, 236, 237.

Alexandre, C., French scholar, II, 448.

Alexandria, in Egypt, I, Arianism, 69-71, 73, 74, 103; Hellenism, 111, 113, 119;
Monophysitism in, 124, 132, 136; lighthouse at, 143, 145; culture, 146-148, 151-
152; art, 157; under Justinian I, 183, 196, 276; trade, 200; taken by Persians,
239; taken by Arabs, 258; patriarchate, 264, 270, 274, 318; art, 351; Patriarch
of A. against Rome in 1054, 412.

Alexius I Comnenus, Emperor, founder of the dynasty, I, 425, 426, 428, 432, 433, 435,
452. II, 11; Normans, 17-20; treaty with Venice (1082), 20-21; struggle against
Turks, 21, 22-26; struggle against Patzinaks, 21, 22-26; his message to Robert of
Flanders, 26-28, 38; First Crusade and, 29, 38, 40, 44; Council at Piacenza, 47;
Council at Clermont, 48-49; his "Muses", 49-50; A. and the crusaders, 51, 53-60,
61, 62, 63, 65, 87; his church policy, 136-142; the Synodicon, 139; and Popes,
142; internal policy, 147-149, 150; Anglo-Saxons, 154-155; Venice and Pisa, 157:
writer, 160; Anna Comnena on, 161, 162, 170, 177, 178, 194, 371.
Alexius II Comnenus, Emperor, II, 13; Andronicus I and A., 16-17, 85, 87-88, 153, 154.
Alexius III Angelus (Bambacoratius), Emperor, accession to the throne and character-
istics, II, 96-97, 98; and Bulgaria, 101-102; Henry VI and, 107, 108, 110; Fourth
Crusade, 111, 122, 126; ecclesiastical policy, 146; his novel of 1198, 156; trade,
157-158; 188, 197, 198.

Alexius IV Angelus, Emperor, II, 97-98; A. and Fourth Crusade, 114, 116, 122, 123.
Alexius V Ducas Mourtzouphlos, Emperor, II, 98, 122-124, 126, 188.

Alexius I Comnenus, Emperor of Trebizond, II, 186.

Alexius Apocaucus. II, 270.

Alfonso V, the Magnanimous, King of Aragon, II, 343-344, 381.

Algeria, I, 171, 263.

Ali, Caliph, I, 257, 260.

Allard, P., French historian, I, 88, 160.

Allatius, Leo. I, 13. II, 384-385.

Alp Arslan. Seljuq Sultan, I, 430-432.

Alps. I, 171.

Alpatov, M., Russian scholar, II, 196.

Altaï-Iran, I, 157.

Altaner, B., German historian, II, 220. 234.

Amalfi, Amalfitan monastery on Mt. Athos. I, 410.

Amari, M., Italian scholar, I, 396, 454. II. 214; on the Sicilian Vespers, 286-287.
Amaury I. King of Jerusalem, in Constantinople, II, 12, 81-82; in an inscription at
Bethlehem, 81.

Ambrose, bishop of Mediolanum (Milan), I, 102-103.

Amélineau, E., French scholar, I, 256.

93. 95. 155.

Amisus (Samsun), city in Asia Minor, sacked by Arabs (863), I, 336.
Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman historian, I, 46, 89. 92.
Amorion (Amorium), city in Phrygia, birthplace of
Mutasim (838), 336.

Michael II. I, 331; taken by

Med. H., 39; 83, 136–145, 153,
II, 305.

Amr, Arabian chief, I, 258.
Anastasius I, Emperor, in Gibbon, I, 21; in the Cambr.
162, 166, 173, 174, 182, 189, 191, 192, 221, 422.
Anastasius II (Artemius), Emperor, I, 153, 236, 279.
Anastasius, papal librarian. I, 286; translator of Theophanes, 354.
Anastasius, Patriarch of Constantinople, I, 316.
Anastasius Sinaita, writer, I, 282.

Anatoli-Hisar, stronghold on the Bosphorus, II, 348.

Anatolici (Anatolikoi), theme, I, 278, 279, 305.

Anchialus, city, I, 214.

Ancona, II, 308, 397.

Andreades, A., Greek scholar, on Constantinople, II, 152, 358.

Andreas (Andrew) Palaeologus, II, 276-277.

Andreev, I., Russian scholar, iconoclasm, I, 314, 316, 319, 321, 322, 364.

Andreeva, M., Russian historian, II, 188, 194, 222, 224, 225, 239, 246, 248, 251, 261,
262.

Andrew (Andreas), of Crete, writer, I, 283.

Andronicus I Comnenus, Emperor, biography and accession to the throne, II, 13-17,
87-88; his reforms, 89-91; William II of Sicily, 92; Venice, 92-93; Pope, 93;
alliance with Saladin, 93-94: loss of Cyprus and Thessalonica, 94-95; deposition
and death of, 95, 98, 100; ecclesiastical policy, 145; internal policy, 150, 151, 153-
154, 163, 167, 178.

Andronicus II Palaeologus, Emperor, II, 268-269, 289; and Turks, 294-301; Catalan
companies, 295-300, 307, 308; renounced the union of Lyons, 369; Arsenites, 369-
370; Athos, 371; ecclesiastical organization, 371-372, 376, 389; fleet, 392; coins,
399; art and letters, 401, 403, 410. 412, 419, 420, 421, 422.

Andronicus III Palaeologus, Emperor, II, 268, 269-270; and Serbs, 303-304; Albanians,
307; Genoese, 308, 320, 324; coins, 399, 434-

Andronicus IV Palaelogus, II, 271-272, 274, 323.
Anglo-Saxons, in Byzantium, II, 154-155, 392.

Angora, battle at, II, 332-334, 340, 380.

Ani, in Armenia, church and citadel, I, 284; capital, 383; taken by Byzantium, 384,
430; cathedral at. 450.

Anikiev, P., Russian scholar, II, 415, 448.

Anna Comnena, daughter of Emperor Alexius I, I, 443. II, plots against Alexius I, 11;
on Alexius I, 17, 21; on Patzinaks, 23, 24-25; on the messages of Alexius I, 25, 28;
on First Crusade, 50; on Bohemond, 58; on Alexius I, 136; on Anna Dalassena,
160; literary work, 161-162, 163.

Anna, Russian princess, first wife of John VIII, II. 275.

Anna, sister of Basil II, married Vladimir of Russia, I, 392.

Anna, wife of Theodore I Lascaris, II, 188.

Anne of Hungary, first wife of Andronicus II, II, 268.

Anne of Savoy, second wife of Andronicus III, II, 270, 324, 379.

Annual of the Society of Byzantine Studies, in Greek, I, 53.

Anselm of Havelberg, German writer, II, 143.

Anthemius of Tralles, architect, I, 227, 229.

Anthemius, Emperor, in Bury, I, 35.

Anthemius, prefect, I, 129.

Anthimius, Patriarch of Constantinople, I, 185-186.

Antioch, on the Maeander river, II, 198-199.

Antioch, in Syria, I, 68, 74; Julian at A., 94-95; Hellenism, 111; John Chrysostom at,
118; Nestorianism, 123; Monophysitism, 132; mint at, 142; culture, 146, 148, 151,
155; art, 157-158: under Justinian I, 172, 183: silk factories, 204: taken by Per-
sians, 237; patriarchate, 264. 270. 274, 281; iconoclasm, 311, 318; in the tenth
century, 374; taken by Nicephorus Phocas, 375-376, 377-378, 381; Patriarch of A.
against Rome in 1054. 412. II, Andronicus I at, 15, 33: taken by Turks, 36;
Bohemond. 52; taken by the crusaders, 56, 57-58, 59-60; taken by John II, 65-66,
69, 70: submitted to Manuel I, 79-80, 93, 102, 114; in romance, 253-254.
Apennine peninsula. I. 339.

Apollo, the Pythian, I, 73.

Apulia, ecclesiastical organization under Nicephorus Phocas, I. 408-409. 410: Robert
Guiscard in, 436. II, 17; Duchy of, 19; Norman conquest, 43; Bohemond in, 58;
Bohemond's death in, 59, 62.

Arabia, geography, I. 242-243; before Muhammed, 245-247; under Muhammed, 251-252,

254.

Arabissus, city in Cappadocia, I, 163.

Arabs, in Montesquieu, I, 18; in Uspensky, 50, 212, 241; before Muhammed, 242-247;
under Muhammed, 247-252. causes of the Arabian conquests, 253-257; their con-
quests in the seventh century, 258-261; the first siege of Constantinople, 261-262;
in North Africa, 263-265: Slavs against, 266. 268-270; themes, 278, 306; in 711-
717, 279; Isaurian dynasty, 288-292; in the ninth century, 332; under Theophilus,

336; under Michael III, 336-337; western Arabs under the Amorian dynasty, 338-
340; under Basil I, 369-371; under Leo VI, 371-373; under Constantine VII, 373-
374; Simeon of Bulgaria and African Arabs, 387. II, their conquests, 31-32.
Aragon, II, 295, 297; alliance with Venice, 322, 328, 343.

Arcadia, reconquered by Michael VIII, II, 301.

Arcadius. Emperor, in Bury, 1, 35, 82-83. 110, 113-120, 130, 143, 158, 327.

Archipelago, the sea and islands in, Goths in. I, 106; Arabs, 277. II, 280, 301, 320,

326, 327, 334, 357, 392.

Arethas, of Caesarea, Byzantine writer, I, 441.

Argentoratum (Strassburg), I, 88.

Argos, city. Goths at, I, 106, 115.

Ariadne, wife of Emperor Zeno, I, 83, 136.

Arianism, I, 69-72, 84-85, 99-100; among Goths, 107. 110, 113, 115, 166-167;
Eusebius and A., 149; under Justinian I, 183-184; among Lombards, 208; Islam
and A., 252, 253.

Aristophanes, II, 159, 161, 173, 257, 423.

Aristotle, I, 152, 223. II, 140, 161, 248, 258, 356, 400, 415, 416, 417, 419, 443.
Arius. I, 69-72.

Armenia and Armenians, in Bussell, I, 38; in Cambr. Med. H., 39; in Harnack, 59:
Hellenism, 111, 112; art. 157; under Justinian I, 196, 204; under Heraclius, 278;
in Thrace, 292, 327; fortifications, 333; under Thomas the Slavonian, 334; in
Thrace, 349; alliance with Basil I, 371; under Constantine VII, 373; A. and
Byzantium, 381-384: occupied by Arabs, 382-383; attacked by Seljuqs, 430-432;
Armenian artists in Byzantium, 450. II. Andronicus I in, 15; in the Balkan penin-
sula. 22; A. and First Crusade, 46; conquered by Tartars, 218.
Armenia Minor, in Cilicia, conquered by John II, II, 65, 93; Frederick Barbarossa in,

105, 107; in romance. 253.

Armeniaci (Armeniakoi), theme, I, 278.
Arnold of Brescia, II, 70.

Arpad, founder of Hungarian dynasty, II, 29.

Arsacids, Armenian family, I, 235.

Arsenius, Patriarch of Nicaea, II, 236; and Arsenites, 366-370.

Arta, capital of the Despotat of Epirus, II, 202.

Artavasdus, son-in-law of Constantine V, I, 317–318.

Artemius; sec Anastasius II.

Ascalon, II, 93.

Ascholius, bishop of Thessalonica, I. 99.

Ascold, Russian prince, I, 337.

Ashburner, W., English scholar, on the Rural Code, I, 300, 302, 303.

Ashot I Bagratid (Bagratuni), King of Armenia, I, 371, 382-383.

Ashot II "the Iron". King of Armenia, I, 383.

Ashot III, King of Armenia, ally of John Tzimisces, I. 377; the capital at Ani, 383.
Asia. Roman province, I, 133.

Asia Minor, in Gelzer, I, 37; in Uspensky, 47; in Harnack, 59-60, 74; Goths in, 106 -
107, 109, 110, 117, 118; Hellenism, 111, 113; John Chrysostom, 119-120; Mono-
physitism in. 135, 144: the three Cappadocians, 147; art. 157. 224; Persians in,
238, 239; under Zenobia, 244; under Arabs, 259, 268, 261; Mardaites, 262, 263:
Slavs in, 266, 277; themes, 278; in 711-717, 279, 280, 288; Arabs, 291, 292;
themes, 305, 306; iconoclasm, 317, 320, 344; Nicephorus I, 330; limes in, 333;
Thomas the Slavonian in. 334-335. 418; image-worship, 350; revolt of Bardas
Phocas in, 392; landowners of the tenth century, 421-422; Seljuq Turks in, 430-
433, 437: Digenes Akrites in, 447-448. II, Comneni in, 11; First Crusade. 55, 57.
60: John II. 61. 64; Second Crusade. 71-73; Frederick Barbarossa in, 105. 126;
Latins in, 184, 191, 197: peace with Henry of Flanders, 200; invaded by Tartars,
218-219; Catalans in, 297; Ottoman Turks in, 300-301.

Aspar, general, I. 130-131.

Asparuch (Isperich). Bulgarian chief, I, 266, 267, 268, 292.

Assemani. Italian scholar. I. 337-

Athanasius, St., abbot of the Great Laura on Mt. Athos. I, 406, 409-410.

Athanasius, of Alexandria. I, 71, 72, 85: writer, 151, 152, 282.

Athanasius. Athonian monk, founder of the Meteora, II, 315.

Athena Promachos. goddess. I, 115

Athenais (Eudocia), wife of Theodosius II, I, 83, 122, 156.

Athens, Finlay at. I. 25: Paparrigopoulo, 28-29; in Gregorovius, 33; Lambros at, 37.
52. 74: Julian the Apostate at A., 87; school at A., 105, 125, 126, 147, 156, 183.
226; Goths at. 106, 114-115; in the fifth century, 155: closing of the school, 181,
184; Constantine III at. 270; Slavs, 293. II, pillaged by Roger II, 72; conquered
by Boniface of Thessalonica, 128; Michael Acominatus at, 164-166, 186, 228; con-
quered by Catalans, 298-299; university at. 300; seized by Bayazid, 328; conquered
by Muhammed II, 357. 408.

Athos, Mount (The Holy Mountain), manuscripts, I, 37; reforms under Nicephorus
Phocas and John Tzimisces, 409-410; churches of the tenth-eleventh century, 451.

II. 97; under Alexius I, 137, 244. 267; devastated by Catalans, 298, 302; under
Stephen Dushan, 311-312, 313; Turkish attacks on, 315; reform under Andronicus
II, 370-371; Hesychast movement. 372-373, 374, 376, 378; manuscripts, 386-388.
413, 427; monuments, 430; Barlaam on, 434.

Atlantic Ocean, I, 169, 327.

Attalia (Satalia), in Asia Minor, II, 155, 200.

Attalids, in Parthia, I, 76.

Attica, Goths in, I, 114; in Fallmerayer, 215; monastery Daphni in, 451. II. Albanians
in, 306.

Attila, ruler of the Huns. I, 122, 129, 131, 134, 155.

Atzig, Turkish general, takes Jerusalem, II, 36.

Augusta Trevirorum (Trier, Treves), I, 79.

Augustine (Augustinus), St., I, 92-93, 156.

Augustus, Roman Emperor, in Gibbon, I, 20; in Bury. 34, 76. 218, 422. II, 86, 286.
Aurelian, Emperor, I, 77; Goths. 107; conquered Palmyra, 244.

Aurelian, prefect of Constantinople, I, 116-117.

Aurispa, Giovanni, Italian humanist, II, 444.

Avars, under the immediate successors of Justinian I, I, 205-208, 212; in Fallmerayer,
214-215; under Heraclius. 237. 239-240, 241, 265; under Constantine IV, 262;
George of Pisidia, 280; Magyars, 385.

Avignon. Popes at, II. 379, 380, 434, 435.

Axum. a city, trade, I, 200, 203; Justinian the Great, 245.

Axumites (Abyssinians), trade, I. 201.

Ayla, Byzantine port, trade, I, 203.

Ayyoubids, Egyptian dynasty, II, 114.

Azarevitch, Russian scholar, I. 53.

Azov Sea, I. 266. II. Genoese. 157: Mamluks, 291; Genoa and Venice, 320; Black
Death, 321. 324.

B

Babinger, F.. German scholar, II, 352.

Bacon, Roger. II, 439.

Bagdad (Baghdad), capital of the Abbasids, I, 291, 361-362; taken by Seljuqs. 429 430.
II. 152; taken by Hulagu, 290.

Bagratids, Armenian dynasty, I. 371. 382, 383; the end of, 384.

Baldwin I, of Flanders, Latin Emperor, II, 178, 186; captured by Bulgars, 190-191, 205;
his letters to Innocent III, 230.

Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, II, 210, 213, 227, 228-229, 234, 278, 280; Charles of Anjou,
284.

Baldwin III. King of Jerusalem. meets Manuel I, II, 80.

Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon, II, 52.

Baldwin of Flanders, took Edessa, II. 56.

Baldwin of Flanders, in the Fourth Crusade, II, 112; elected emperor at Constantinople.
126. 132. 133.

Balearic Islands, under Justinian I, I, 169, 171.

Balkan peninsula, in the Cambr. Med. H., I. 39; in Diehl, 41; in Uspensky, 48-49, 79.
83, 105; Goths. 110, 113, 114, 115, 133, 134-135; under Anastasius I, 138, 143.
144: under Justinian I, 172-173; under the successors of Justinian I. 207. 212:
Slavs in, 213, 216. 219, 260, 265, 277: Bulgarians, 267. 280; under Simeon of
Bulgaria. 386; Patzinaks, 433. II. Robert Guiscard. 18. 63: Third Crusade. 103-

Banduri. Benedictine monk and scholar. I, 15.

Barbaro, Nicolò, Venetian writer, II, 348, 351, 352, 353.

Barcelona, archives, II. 299. 343.

Bardanes. George, metropolitan of Corcyra, writer. II. 256, 258-259. 260, 263.

Bardas, the Caesar. brother of Theodora, I, 332; patronage of learning, 358-359. 360.
361.

Bardenhewer, O., German scholar, I, 161.

Bardi, mercantile house at Florence. II, 397.

Bari, taken by Arabs, I. 340; retaken by Basil I, 396; governor (catapan) in, 399, 435;
taken by Robert Guiscard. 436-437. II, captured by Manuel I and retaken by
William I of Sicily, 77.

Barlaam, Greek monk. Hesychast movement, II, 372, 374, 376-378, 402, 404; and
renaissance, 434-436. 439. 440.

Barlaam and Josaphat, romance, I, 357.

Baronius, Cardinal, historian, II. 258. 359.

Barsky. V., Russian traveller, II, 387.

Barth, W., German historian, I, 161.

Barthold, V., Russian scholar, I, 68, 249, 255, 264, 290, 291, 378, 380. II, 33.
Barvinok, V., Russian scholar, II, 236, 244, 245, 262.

Basel, Council of, II, 381, 382.

Bas-Empire, in Lebeau and Royou, I, 23-24.

Basil, archbishop of Thessalonica, II, 144.

Basil the Great, I, 146, 147, 154; the Church of B. pillaged by Seljuqs, 430.
Basil I, the Macedonian, Emperor, I, 297; gains the throne, 332, 352; origin of, 367;
accession to the throne, 368; Arabs, 369-371, 374; Armenia, 382-383; Bulgaria,
384; Italy and Sicily, 396-397; ecclesiastical policy, 401-404; legislation, 408, 413-
416, 418; his biography by Constantine VII, 439; buildings, 450.

Basil II, Bulgaroctonus, Emperor, I, 366, 368, 374; Arabs, 378-380, 381; Armenia, 383;
conquered Bulgaria, 388, 394; Russia, 391-392; Italy, 399, 400; abrogates the
novel of 964, 408; Athos under, 410: his novels against the powerful, 419, 421-423,
425, 441, 442; against scholars, 443, 447, 451, 452. II, 11, 18, 22, 49, 63, 87, 99.
192, 296.

Basil, monk, head of the Bogomiles, II, 139.

Basil, Patriarch of Jerusalem, I, 348.

Basilics, code of law, I, 303. 366, 408, 416.

Basset, R., French scholar, I, 265.

Batiffol. P., French scholar, I, 62, 160. II, 438.

Batu (Baty), grandson of Jenghiz Khan, invades Russia and Western Europe, II, 218.
Bayazid I, Ottoman Sultan, II, 272; Manuel II and B., 273-274, 319, 325-327; de-
feats Sigismund of Hungary, 327-328, 329, 330; defeated by Timur, 332-334, 339.
Bayet, French scholar, I, 54.

Baynes, N., English historian, I, 41, 71, 88, 120, 130. II, 124.

Beazley, C., English scholar, II, 397.

Beccus (Veccus), John, Patriarch of Constantinople, II, 362, 363; writer, 409-410, 448.
Becker, C., German scholar, I, 249, 259, 284, 312.

Bedouins, 1, 243, 246, 253, 258.

Bees, N. A., Greek scholar, I, 52, 367. II, 96, 315, 414.

Beirut (see also Berytus), I, 146. II, taken by Saladin, 103.

Beladsori, Arabian historian, I, 255.

Belin, M., French historian, II, 262, 446.

Belisarius, general, I, 168-170, 172, 217, 218. 373.

Bell, H. I., English scholar, I, 54, 194, 226, 256.

Bellini, Gentile, Venetian artist, II, 347.

"Belthandros and Chrysantza,' romance, II, 252-254, 425.

Benedict, Saint, I, 184.

Beneshevich, V., Russian scholar, I, 231. II, 388, 394.

Beneventum (Benevento), Lombards at, 208, 339; in the ninth century, 397. II, defeat
of Manfred, 280.

Benjamin of Tudela. Spanish traveller, II, 151, 152.

Benozzo Gozzoli, Italian painter, II, 383.

Berbers, in N. Africa, under Justinian I, I, 168, 169; exarchate, 211, 277; Arabs, 260.
264-265; s. also Moors and Maurusii.

Berger de Xivrey. French scholar, II, 325, 340, 402, 445, 447.

Berke (Bereke). Khan of the Golden Horde, II, 291.

Berlin, National Library. Hopf's manuscripts, I, 32; Kaiser Friedrich Museum, 158.
Bernard of Clairvaux. II, 70, 75.

Bertha (Irene), of Sulzbach, first wife of Manuel I, II, 13, 68, 173.

Bertrand Duguesclin. French knight, II. 255.

Bertrandon de la Broquière, Burgundian pilgrim. II. 342-343, 397.

Berytus (Beirut), lawschool, I, 146; silk factories, 204.

Bessarabia, II, 423.

Bessarion of Nicaea, Cardinal, II, 359, 409, 412, 413, 431, 439, 441-443. 444, 449.
Besta, E., Italian historian, II, 121.

Bethlehem, I, 68; art, 158. II, inscription of 1169, 80-81, 179. 383.

Beybars, Sultan of Egypt, II, 291.

Bezdeki, St., Roumanian scholar, II. 420.

Bezobrazov, P., Russian historian. Hertzberg's translator, I, 32-33, 52, 417, 453 455,

457. II, on John Italus, 140-141.

Bikelas, D., Greek literary man, on the crusades. II. 54.

II. 189. 292–293.

Birbeck Hill, English editor of Gibbon's autobiography, I, 18-19.
Bithynia, Slavs, I, 266, 310; Russians under Igor, 390.
Bizilli, P., Russian historian, on the Fourth Crusade, II, 117.
Blachernae, palace, II, 179, 265; Muhammed II at, 356, 390.
Black Sea (the Euxine), I, 72-73. 75: Goths on, 105-106, 120, 138; under Justinian I.
172; Bulgarians, 267, 310; iconoclasm. 321. 387; Seljuqs. 433. II. Genoese. 157.

221, 228, 307, 320-321, 323, 324; Bayazid's expedition to, 326, 327, 330, 390.
392, 398.

Blanche, queen of France. II, 129. 208.

Blanchet. A., French scholar. II, 399.